Unicode text processing,
without the baggage.

Normalize a string to the requested Unicode normalization form. If the input is already normalized and no encoding conversion is needed, the input buffer is returned as-is in result->output with result->transformed set to false, without allocating.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The string was normalized (or already normal)
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_FORM - form is not NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

const char *input = "Cafe\xCC\x81"; // "Cafe" + U+0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_normalize(input, MJB_NUL_TERMINATED, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_NORMALIZATION_NFC, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// NFC: Café
printf("NFC: %.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);

mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_normalize_into
• mjb_normalization_quick_check
• mjb_filter
• mjb_filter_into

Specifications

• UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms, Unicode 18.0.0

Normalize a string using the same Unicode normalization forms and encoding rules as mjb_normalize. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. Terminators are excluded from the byte count and are not written. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient. NFD and NFKD write without allocation. NFC and NFKC may allocate temporary composition storage, including during a size query.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the normalized string was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_FORM - form is not NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent a normalized codepoint
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Temporary composition allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count

Example

const char *input = "Cafe\xCC\x81"; // "Cafe" + U+0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_normalize_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_NORMALIZATION_NFC,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

char output[5];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_normalize_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_NORMALIZATION_NFC, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// NFC payload (no terminator): Café
printf("NFC payload (no terminator): %.*s", (int)output_size, output);

Related

• mjb_normalize
• mjb_normalization_quick_check
• mjb_filter_into
• mjb_nfkc_casefold_into

Specifications

• UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms, Unicode 18.0.0

MJB_FILTER_LIMIT_COMBINING removes combining marks after the first MJB_FILTER_MAX_COMBINING_MARKS consecutive marks in an emitted run. This is useful for reducing Zalgo-style text while keeping ordinary accents and stacked marks.

Example

const char *mixed_whitespace = "Hello\t\t\n\nworld";
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_filter(mixed_whitespace, strlen(mixed_whitespace), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_FILTER_COLLAPSE_SPACES, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Filtered: Hello world
printf("Filtered: %.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);

mjb_result_free(&result);

const char *controls = "\x1\x2\t\n\v\f\r\x1f";

if(mjb_filter(controls, strlen(controls), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_FILTER_CONTROLS,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Filtered: \t\n\v\f\r
printf("Filtered: %.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);

mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_filter_into
• mjb_normalize

Apply the same filters as mjb_filter without allocating the final output buffer. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. Terminators are excluded from the byte count and are not written. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient. Filtering itself does not allocate, but MJB_FILTER_NORMALIZE may allocate temporary normalization storage. MJB_FILTER_LIMIT_COMBINING keeps the first MJB_FILTER_MAX_COMBINING_MARKS consecutive marks in each emitted run.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the filtered string was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent a filtered codepoint
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Temporary normalization allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count

Example

const char *input = "Hello\t\t\nworld";
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_filter_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_FILTER_COLLAPSE_SPACES,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

char output[11];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_filter_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_FILTER_COLLAPSE_SPACES, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Filtered payload (no terminator): Hello world
printf("Filtered payload (no terminator): %.*s", (int)output_size, output);

Related

• mjb_filter
• mjb_normalize

Apply the normative NFKC_Casefold mapping and normalize the result to NFC. This transform performs compatibility folding, full default case folding, and removal of default-ignorable codepoints. It is intended for identifier comparison and is not locale-sensitive.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The transformed string was returned
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The transform did not stabilize
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

const char *input = "Stra\xC3\x9F" "e\xC2\xAD";
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_nfkc_casefold(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// strasse
printf("%.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);
mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_nfkc_casefold_into
• mjb_normalize
• mjb_map_case
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• The Unicode Standard, Version 18.0.0, Section 3.13: Default Case Algorithms
• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0
• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Apply the same normative NFKC_Casefold transform as mjb_nfkc_casefold. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. Terminators are excluded from the byte count and are not written. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient. The final output uses caller-provided storage, but the normalization and folding passes require temporary allocations, including during a size query.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the transformed string was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The transform did not stabilize
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Temporary allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count

Example

const char *input = "Stra\xC3\x9F" "e\xC2\xAD";
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_nfkc_casefold_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

char output[7];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_nfkc_casefold_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// NFKC casefold payload (no terminator): strasse
printf("NFKC casefold payload (no terminator): %.*s", (int)output_size, output);

Related

• mjb_nfkc_casefold
• mjb_normalize
• mjb_map_case
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• The Unicode Standard, Version 18.0.0, Section 3.13: Default Case Algorithms
• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0
• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Apply UTS #46 nontransitional processing with STD3 ASCII, hyphen, joiner, bidi, label-length, and domain-length checks enabled. Non-ASCII labels are encoded with Punycode. A successful operational status can still set info->errors; an errored ToASCII result must not be used for DNS lookup. If MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - Processing completed; inspect info->errors for validation failures
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - info or result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent the result
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An output or Punycode size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0

Example

const char *domain = "b\xC3\xBC" "cher.de";
mjb_idna_info info;
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_idna_to_ascii(domain, strlen(domain), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &info, &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK || info.errors != MJB_IDNA_ERROR_NONE) {
    return 1;
}

// xn--bcher-kva.de
printf("%.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);
mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_idna_to_ascii_into
• mjb_idna_to_unicode
• mjb_idna_to_unicode_into

Specifications

• UTS #46: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing, Unicode 18.0.0

Apply the same strict nontransitional profile as mjb_idna_to_ascii. Set output to NULL to query the required byte count. No bytes are written if capacity is insufficient. Processing uses temporary allocations even during a size query. If MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the ASCII domain was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - info or output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent the result
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An output or Punycode size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - A temporary allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0

Related

• mjb_idna_to_ascii
• mjb_idna_to_unicode
• mjb_idna_to_unicode_into

Specifications

• UTS #46: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing, Unicode 18.0.0

Apply UTS #46 nontransitional processing and decode valid xn-- labels. The function returns its best-effort converted string even when info->errors records a validation problem. If MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - Processing completed; inspect info->errors for validation failures
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - info or result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent the result
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An output or Punycode size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0

Example

const char *domain = "xn--bcher-kva.de";
mjb_idna_info info;
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_idna_to_unicode(domain, strlen(domain), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &info, &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK || info.errors != MJB_IDNA_ERROR_NONE) {
    return 1;
}

// bücher.de
printf("%.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);
mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_idna_to_unicode_into
• mjb_idna_to_ascii
• mjb_idna_to_ascii_into

Specifications

• UTS #46: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing, Unicode 18.0.0

Apply the same strict nontransitional profile as mjb_idna_to_unicode. Set output to NULL to query the required byte count. No bytes are written if capacity is insufficient. Processing uses temporary allocations even during a size query. If MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the Unicode domain was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - info or output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent the result
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An output or Punycode size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - A temporary allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_IDNA=0

Related

• mjb_idna_to_unicode
• mjb_idna_to_ascii
• mjb_idna_to_ascii_into

Specifications

• UTS #46: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

char encoded[4];
unsigned int size = mjb_codepoint_encode(0x20AC, encoded, sizeof(encoded), MJB_ENC_UTF_8);

// € sign uses 3 UTF-8 bytes
printf("%.*s sign uses %u UTF-8 bytes", (int)size, encoded, size);

Convert a string between the supported encodings (UTF-8, UTF-16LE/BE, UTF-32LE/BE). Generic UTF-16/UTF-32 input consumes a leading BOM as the encoding scheme signature and uses it to resolve byte order. Explicit-endian input preserves an initial U+FEFF as text. Generic UTF-16/UTF-32 without a BOM, and generic UTF-16/UTF-32 output, are rejected because the byte order is not specified.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The string was converted
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or the input is not valid in the source encoding
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - A generic UTF-16/UTF-32 encoding did not provide enough byte order information
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested encoding conversion is not supported
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

const char *input = "caf\xC3\xA9";
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_convert_encoding(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE, &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// UTF-16LE bytes: 8
printf("UTF-16LE bytes: %zu", result.output_size);
mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_convert_encoding_into
• mjb_detect_encoding
• mjb_codepoint_encode

Convert a string using the same encoding and BOM rules as mjb_convert_encoding, without allocating memory. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. The size is the encoded payload byte count: terminators are excluded, and this function does not write a terminator. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the string was converted
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - A generic UTF-16/UTF-32 encoding did not provide enough byte order information
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested encoding conversion is not supported
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count

Example

const char *input = "caf\xC3\xA9";
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_convert_encoding_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE, NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

unsigned char output[8];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_convert_encoding_into(input, strlen(input),
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// UTF-16LE payload bytes (no terminator): 8
printf("UTF-16LE payload bytes (no terminator): %zu", output_size);

Related

• mjb_convert_encoding
• mjb_detect_encoding
• mjb_codepoint_encode

Convert a string to uppercase, lowercase, titlecase, or its case-folded form. Full case mappings are applied, including special casing and conditional mappings, so the output may have a different length than the input. Titlecase uses UAX #29 word boundaries: the first cased character in each word segment is titlecased, and subsequent characters in that segment are lowercased. Casing is tailored by the process-global locale set with mjb_set_locale: the default MJB_LOCALE_EN uses default non-Turkic mappings. MJB_LOCALE_TR and MJB_LOCALE_AZ apply Turkish/Azerbaijani dotted-I casing and Turkic T case-folding mappings. MJB_LOCALE_LT applies Lithuanian dot-above casing rules, while case folding remains the default non-Turkic mapping.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The case conversion succeeded
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or type is not a valid case type
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

const char *input = "Stra\xC3\x9F""e"; // "Straße"
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_map_case(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_CASE_UPPER, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Upper: STRASSE
printf("Upper: %.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);

mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_map_case_into
• mjb_set_locale
• mjb_get_locale

Specifications

• The Unicode Standard, Version 18.0.0, Section 3.13: Default Case Algorithms

Apply the same full, special, conditional, titlecase, locale-sensitive, and case folding mappings as mjb_map_case without allocating memory. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. Terminators are excluded from the byte count and are not written. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the case-mapped string was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or type is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The requested output encoding cannot represent a mapped codepoint
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count

Example

const char *input = "Stra\xC3\x9F""e"; // "Straße"
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_map_case_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_CASE_UPPER, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

char output[7];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_map_case_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_CASE_UPPER, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Upper payload (no terminator): STRASSE
printf("Upper payload (no terminator): %.*s", (int)output_size, output);

Related

• mjb_map_case
• mjb_set_locale
• mjb_get_locale

Specifications

• The Unicode Standard, Version 18.0.0, Section 3.13: Default Case Algorithms

Fill character with the Unicode Character Database record of a codepoint: name, category, combining class, bidirectional category, decomposition, numeric values, mirrored flag, and simple case mappings. When the library is compiled with MJB_FEATURE_CHARACTER_NAMES=0 the name field is reported as Codepoint U+XXXX.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The character was found and filled
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - character is NULL or the codepoint is not valid
• MJB_STATUS_NOT_FOUND - The codepoint is not assigned

Example

mjb_character character;

if(mjb_codepoint_info(0x022A, &character) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// U+022A lowercase: U+022B
printf("U+%04X lowercase: U+%04X", character.codepoint, character.lowercase);

Related

• mjb_codepoint_block
• mjb_codepoint_script
• mjb_codepoint_property_binary
• mjb_codepoint_property_int

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Run the normalization quick-check on a string without allocating. MJB_QC_MAYBE means the string may still be normalized, and only a full normalization pass with mjb_normalize can decide.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - quick_check contains MJB_QC_YES, MJB_QC_NO, or MJB_QC_MAYBE
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - quick_check is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - encoding is invalid or a generic UTF-16/UTF-32 encoding has no byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_FORM - form is not NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence

Example

const char *input = "caf\xC3\xA9";
mjb_quick_check_result check;

if(mjb_normalization_quick_check(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_NORMALIZATION_NFC, &check) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// NFC normalized: yes
printf("NFC normalized: %s", check == MJB_QC_YES ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_normalize

Specifications

• UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms, Unicode 18.0.0

mjb_detect_encoding reports BOM-derived UTF-16/UTF-32 schemes with the generic family bit plus the resolved endian bit. Passing that detected value consumes the leading BOM as a signature. Passing an explicit-endian encoding such as MJB_ENC_UTF_16BE preserves an initial U+FEFF as text. When flags overlap, as with a UTF-32LE BOM that also has the UTF-16LE BOM prefix, decoding gives UTF-32 precedence. MJB_NUL_TERMINATED is not accepted because the encoding, and therefore the NUL code-unit width, is unknown.

Example

const char utf16le[] = "\xFF\xFEH\0i\0";
mjb_encoding detected = mjb_detect_encoding(utf16le, sizeof(utf16le) - 1);
bool is_utf16le = detected == (MJB_ENC_UTF_16 | MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE);

// UTF-16LE detected: yes
printf("UTF-16LE detected: %s", is_utf16le ? "yes" : "no");

Example

const char *input = "Plain ASCII";

// ASCII: yes
printf("ASCII: %s", mjb_is_ascii(input, strlen(input)) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

const char *input = "caf\xC3\xA9";

// Valid UTF-8: yes
printf("Valid UTF-8: %s", mjb_is_utf8(input, strlen(input)) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

const char utf16be[] = "\xFE\xFF\0H\0i"; // BOM + "Hi" in UTF-16BE

// UTF-16: yes
printf("UTF-16: %s", mjb_is_utf16(utf16be, sizeof(utf16be) - 1) ? "yes" : "no");

Return the number of Unicode codepoints in a string, up to max_length bytes.

Example

// The "Héllö" string is five Unicode characters, but has different byte lengths in different encodings.

const char *utf8 = "H\xC3\xA9ll\xC3\xB6"; // 7 bytes
const char utf16le[] = "H\0\xE9\0l\0l\0\xF6\0"; // 10 bytes
const char utf16be[] = "\0H\0\xE9\0l\0l\0\xF6"; // 10 bytes
const char utf32le[] = "H\0\0\0\xE9\0\0\0l\0\0\0l\0\0\0\xF6\0\0\0"; // 20 bytes
const char utf32be[] = "\0\0\0H\0\0\0\xE9\0\0\0l\0\0\0l\0\0\0\xF6"; // 20 bytes

// 5 UTF-8 characters
printf("%zu UTF-8 characters", mjb_count_codepoints(utf8, 7, MJB_ENC_UTF_8));
// 5 UTF-16LE characters
printf("%zu UTF-16LE characters", mjb_count_codepoints(utf16le, 10, MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE));
// 5 UTF-16BE characters
printf("%zu UTF-16BE characters", mjb_count_codepoints(utf16be, 10, MJB_ENC_UTF_16BE));
// 5 UTF-32LE characters
printf("%zu UTF-32LE characters", mjb_count_codepoints(utf32le, 20, MJB_ENC_UTF_32LE));
// 5 UTF-32BE characters
printf("%zu UTF-32BE characters", mjb_count_codepoints(utf32be, 20, MJB_ENC_UTF_32BE));

Example

mjb_status status = mjb_for_each_character("ABC", 3, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, NULL);

// A callback is required: yes
bool callback_required = status == MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;

// A callback is required: yes
printf("A callback is required: %s", callback_required ? "yes" : "no");

Return true when the codepoint has the binary property and false when it does not. Passing an enumerated property is a type mismatch and returns MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT.

Example

bool is_alphabetic;

if(mjb_codepoint_property_binary('A', MJB_PR_ALPHABETIC,
    &is_alphabetic) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// U+0041 is alphabetic: yes
printf("U+0041 is alphabetic: %s", is_alphabetic ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_codepoint_property_int

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Passing a binary property is a type mismatch and returns MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT. MJB_STATUS_NOT_FOUND means that the codepoint has no stored value for the requested property.

Example

int32_t script;

if(mjb_codepoint_property_int('A', MJB_PR_SCRIPT, &script) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// U+0041 uses the Latin script: yes
printf("U+0041 uses the Latin script: %s", script == MJB_SC_LATN ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_codepoint_property_binary

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Return the numeric value of a codepoint, if any. If the codepoint has no numeric value, value->decimal and value->digit are set to MJB_NUMBER_NOT_VALID (-1).

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The character was found and filled
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - value is NULL or the codepoint is not valid

Example

mjb_numeric_value num;

if(mjb_codepoint_numeric_value(0x0031, &num) != MJB_STATUS_OK) { // U+0031 = 1
    return 1;
}

// decimal=1, digit=1, numeric=1
printf("decimal=%d, digit=%d, numeric=%s", num.decimal, num.digit, num.numeric);

if(mjb_codepoint_numeric_value(0x00BD, &num) != MJB_STATUS_OK) { // U+00BD = '½'
    return 1;
}

// decimal=-1, digit=-1, numeric=1/2
printf("decimal=%d, digit=%d, numeric=%s", num.decimal, num.digit, num.numeric);

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_block_info block;

if(mjb_codepoint_block('A', &block) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Block: Basic Latin
printf("Block: %s", block.name);

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_script script = mjb_codepoint_script(0x03A9); // Greek capital omega

// Greek script: yes
printf("Greek script: %s", script == MJB_SC_GREK ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Return the explicit Script_Extensions set, or the ordinary Script value when the codepoint has no explicit Script_Extensions entry. Call first with scripts set to NULL to obtain the required count.

Example

size_t count = 0;

if(mjb_codepoint_script_extensions(0x30FC, NULL, &count) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

mjb_script scripts[3];

if(count > 3 || mjb_codepoint_script_extensions(0x30FC, scripts,
    &count) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// U+30FC has 2 Script_Extensions
printf("U+30FC has %zu Script_Extensions", count);

Related

• mjb_codepoint_script

Specifications

• UAX #24: Unicode Script Property, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// U+10FFFD valid: yes
printf("U+10FFFD valid: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_valid(0x10FFFD) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Letter A is graphic: yes
printf("Letter A is graphic: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_graphic('A') ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+0301 is combining: yes
printf("U+0301 is combining: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_combining(0x0301) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+4E00 is a CJK ideograph: yes
printf("U+4E00 is a CJK ideograph: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_cjk_ideograph(0x4E00) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+20000 is a CJK extension ideograph: yes
printf("U+20000 is a CJK extension ideograph: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_cjk_extension_ideograph(0x20000) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Uppercase letters are graphic: yes
bool graphic = mjb_category_is_graphic(MJB_CATEGORY_LU);

// Uppercase letters are graphic: yes
printf("Uppercase letters are graphic: %s", graphic ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Nonspacing marks are combining: yes
bool combining = mjb_category_is_combining(MJB_CATEGORY_MN);

// Nonspacing marks are combining: yes
printf("Nonspacing marks are combining: %s", combining ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Greek alpha starts an identifier: yes
bool starts = mjb_codepoint_is_id_start(0x03B1);

// Greek alpha starts an identifier: yes
printf("Greek alpha starts an identifier: %s", starts ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Digit 7 continues an identifier: yes
bool continues = mjb_codepoint_is_id_continue('7');

// Digit 7 continues an identifier: yes
printf("Digit 7 continues an identifier: %s", continues ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Letter A is XID_Start: yes
printf("Letter A is XID_Start: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_xid_start('A') ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Underscore is XID_Continue: yes
bool continues = mjb_codepoint_is_xid_continue('_');

// Underscore is XID_Continue: yes
printf("Underscore is XID_Continue: %s", continues ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Plus sign is Pattern_Syntax: yes
bool syntax = mjb_codepoint_is_pattern_syntax('+');

// Plus sign is Pattern_Syntax: yes
printf("Plus sign is Pattern_Syntax: %s", syntax ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Space is Pattern_White_Space: yes
bool whitespace = mjb_codepoint_is_pattern_white_space(' ');

// Space is Pattern_White_Space: yes
printf("Space is Pattern_White_Space: %s", whitespace ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Red heart is Extended_Pictographic: yes
bool pictographic = mjb_codepoint_is_extended_pictographic(0x2764);

// Red heart is Extended_Pictographic: yes
printf("Red heart is Extended_Pictographic: %s", pictographic ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_plane plane = mjb_codepoint_plane(0x1F600);

// U+1F600 is in the SMP: yes
printf("U+1F600 is in the SMP: %s", plane == MJB_PLANE_SMP ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Plane 16 is valid: yes
printf("Plane 16 is valid: %s", mjb_plane_is_valid(MJB_PLANE_PUA_B) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// Plane: Basic Multilingual Plane
printf("Plane: %s", mjb_plane_name(MJB_PLANE_BMP, false));

Compare two strings for case-insensitive equality using Unicode full default case folding. Canonical mode implements D145 and is recommended for ordinary text. Unnormalized mode implements D144 without normalization. Compatibility mode implements the iterated folding and compatibility normalization required by D146. Identifier mode implements D147 by applying NFD before mjb_nfkc_casefold; it removes default-ignorable codepoints but does not validate identifier syntax.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - matches contains the comparison result
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - matches is NULL, an input buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or mode is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An input encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - An input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An intermediate size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The identifier case-folding transform did not converge

Example

const char *left = "Stra\xC3\x9F" "e";
const char *right = "STRASSE";
bool matches;

if(mjb_caseless_match(left, strlen(left), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    right, strlen(right), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_CASELESS_CANONICAL, &matches) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Canonical caseless match: yes
printf("Canonical caseless match: %s", matches ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_map_case
• mjb_nfkc_casefold
• mjb_normalize
• mjb_collation_compare
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• The Unicode Standard, Version 18.0.0, Section 3.13.5: Default Caseless Matching
• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Compare two strings using the Unicode Collation Algorithm and the default collation element table (DUCET), with strcmp-style semantics. Primary strength compares base-character weights. Secondary strength also compares accents while ignoring tertiary case differences. Tertiary strength adds case and variant differences. Quaternary strength also compares variable elements moved to level 4 by MJB_COLLATION_SHIFTED; with MJB_COLLATION_NON_IGNORABLE, it is equivalent to tertiary strength. Collation equality at a selected strength is not Unicode caseless matching; use mjb_caseless_match when case-insensitive equality is the intended operation. See [Unicode collation](#unicode-collation) for the comparison process and configuration guidance. If MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - order is negative, zero, or positive according to the collation order
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - order is NULL, an input buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or an option is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An input encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - An input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An intermediate size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0

Example

int order;

if(mjb_collation_compare("apple", 5, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    "banana", 6, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_COLLATION_NON_IGNORABLE,
    MJB_COLLATION_TERTIARY, &order) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// apple sorts before banana: yes
printf("apple sorts before banana: %s", order < 0 ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_collation_key
• mjb_collation_key_into
• mjb_caseless_match

Specifications

• UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Generate a binary sort key for a string. Sort keys of different strings can be compared with memcmp and yield the same order as mjb_collation_compare when both use the same variable weighting and strength. Useful when the same strings are compared many times, such as sorting or database indexing. Empty input and non-empty input with no effective weights at the selected strength both produce a zero-length key. If MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The sort key was generated
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or an option is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - The input encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The sort key size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0

Example

mjb_result key;

if(mjb_collation_key("r\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9", 8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_COLLATION_NON_IGNORABLE, MJB_COLLATION_TERTIARY, &key) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Sort key is non-empty: yes
printf("Sort key is non-empty: %s", key.output_size > 0 ? "yes" : "no");
mjb_result_free(&key);

Related

• mjb_collation_key_into
• mjb_collation_compare

Specifications

• UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Generate the same binary sort key as mjb_collation_key without allocating the final key buffer. Set output to NULL to query the required byte count. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. A collation key is binary: no terminator is included or written, and no bytes are written when capacity is insufficient. Collation processing still uses temporary allocations, including during a size query. Empty input and non-empty input with no effective weights at the selected strength both require zero bytes. If MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the binary sort key was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, buffer is NULL with a non-zero size, or an option is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - The input encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required key size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Temporary allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_COLLATION=0

Example

const char *input = "r\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9";
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_collation_key_into(input, 8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_COLLATION_NON_IGNORABLE,
    MJB_COLLATION_TERTIARY, NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

unsigned char output[64];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_collation_key_into(input, 8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_COLLATION_NON_IGNORABLE, MJB_COLLATION_TERTIARY, output,
    &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Sort key is non-empty: yes
printf("Sort key is non-empty: %s", output_size > 0 ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_collation_key
• mjb_collation_compare

Specifications

• UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Use the C library formatting rules and return semantics of snprintf. If the destination buffer truncates a well-formed UTF-8 result, any incomplete trailing codepoint is removed before the terminating NULL. Truncation is at a codepoint boundary, not a grapheme-cluster boundary.

Returns

• A nonnegative value - The number of bytes the complete result requires, excluding the terminating NULL
• A negative value - The underlying vsnprintf reported an encoding error

Example

char buffer[4];
int required = mjb_utf8_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s",
    "\xC3\xA9\xC3\xA9"); // éé

// 4: é
printf("%d: %s", required, buffer);

Related

• mjb_utf8_vsnprintf
• mjb_utf8_grapheme_snprintf
• mjb_is_utf8

The va_list counterpart of mjb_utf8_snprintf. It has the same UTF-8 input requirements, clipping behavior, and return semantics as mjb_utf8_snprintf.

Returns

• A nonnegative value - The number of bytes the complete result requires, excluding the terminating NULL
• A negative value - The underlying vsnprintf reported an encoding error

Related

• mjb_utf8_snprintf
• mjb_utf8_grapheme_vsnprintf
• mjb_is_utf8

Use the C library formatting rules and return semantics of snprintf. If the destination buffer truncates a well-formed UTF-8 result, the output is shortened to the largest prefix that ends at an extended grapheme-cluster boundary in the complete result. Unlike mjb_utf8_snprintf, truncation can require temporary allocation and a second evaluation of the format. Do not use %n or arguments whose values can change as a formatting side effect. On allocation failure the destination is set to an empty string, the function returns a negative value, and errno is set to ENOMEM.

Returns

• A nonnegative value - The number of bytes the complete result requires, excluding the terminating NULL
• A negative value - Formatting failed or the complete result could not be obtained

Example

char buffer[4];
int required = mjb_utf8_grapheme_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s",
    "Ae\xCC\x81" "B"); // A, e + combining acute accent, B

// 5: A
printf("%d: %s", required, buffer);

Related

• mjb_utf8_grapheme_vsnprintf
• mjb_utf8_snprintf
• mjb_truncate_grapheme

Specifications

• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0

The va_list counterpart of mjb_utf8_grapheme_snprintf. It has the same grapheme-safe clipping behavior, allocation requirements, and return semantics as mjb_utf8_grapheme_snprintf.

Returns

• A nonnegative value - The number of bytes the complete result requires, excluding the terminating NULL
• A negative value - Formatting failed or the complete result could not be obtained

Related

• mjb_utf8_grapheme_snprintf
• mjb_utf8_vsnprintf
• mjb_truncate_grapheme

Specifications

• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0

Validate a string as a Unicode identifier: the first character must be a valid identifier start and the following ones valid identifier continuations, using ID_Start/ID_Continue for the DEFAULT profile or XID_Start/XID_Continue for the NFKC profile.

Example

const char *identifier = "delta_2";

bool valid = mjb_is_identifier(identifier, strlen(identifier), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_IDENTIFIER_NFKC);

// Valid identifier: yes
printf("Valid identifier: %s", valid ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_codepoint_is_id_start
• mjb_codepoint_is_id_continue
• mjb_codepoint_is_xid_start
• mjb_codepoint_is_xid_continue

Specifications

• UAX #31: Unicode Identifiers and Syntax, Unicode 18.0.0

Intersect the augmented Script_Extensions sets of every codepoint as specified by UTS #39. Common and Inherited resolve to ALL. Han, Hiragana, Katakana, Hangul, and Bopomofo are augmented with the Hanb, Jpan, and Kore writing-system values. Set scripts to NULL to query the required count. A mixed-script string returns EMPTY with a zero count; an empty string or a string containing only Common or Inherited characters returns ALL with a zero count. If MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required count and set kind were returned, or the resolved scripts were written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - count or kind is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - The input encoding is invalid or lacks required byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The script buffer capacity is smaller than the required count
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0

Example

const char *input = "\xE3\x81\xAD\xE3\x82\xAC"; // Hiragana + Katakana
mjb_script scripts[1];
size_t count = 1;
mjb_script_set_kind kind;

if(mjb_resolved_script_set(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, scripts, &count,
    &kind) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

bool japanese = kind == MJB_SCRIPT_SET_RESOLVED && count == 1 && scripts[0] == MJB_SC_JPAN;

// Japanese writing system: yes
printf("Japanese writing system: %s", japanese ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_codepoint_script_extensions
• mjb_is_identifier
• mjb_confusable_skeleton
• mjb_are_confusable

Specifications

• UTS #39: Unicode Security Mechanisms, Unicode 18.0.0

Compute the UTS #39 bidiSkeleton(LTR, input): apply the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm through L4, then NFD, remove default-ignorables, substitute prototypes from confusables.txt, and reapply NFD. Skeletons can be stored or indexed so future confusable checks can compare them directly. If MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The confusable skeleton was returned
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0

Example

const char *input = "h\xD0\xB5llo"; // Cyrillic U+0435 in place of e
mjb_result result;

if(mjb_confusable_skeleton(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// hello
printf("%.*s", (int)result.output_size, result.output);
mjb_result_free(&result);

Related

• mjb_confusable_skeleton_into
• mjb_are_confusable
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• UTS #39: Unicode Security Mechanisms, Unicode 18.0.0

Compute the same UTS #39 bidiSkeleton(LTR, input) as mjb_confusable_skeleton without allocating the final output buffer. Set output to NULL to query the required size. If output is non-NULL, *output_size supplies its capacity; on return it contains the required size when the buffer is too small, or the written size on success. Terminators are excluded and are not written. No bytes are written when capacity is insufficient. Bidirectional resolution, normalization, and skeleton mapping still require temporary allocations, including during a size query. If MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The required size was returned or the skeleton was written
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - output_size is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An encoding is invalid
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The output encoding cannot represent a skeleton codepoint
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The required output size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Temporary allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_OUTPUT_TOO_SMALL - The output capacity is smaller than the required byte count
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0

Example

const char *input = "h\xD0\xB5llo"; // Cyrillic U+0435 in place of e
size_t output_size = 0;

if(mjb_confusable_skeleton_into(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    NULL, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

char output[5];

if(output_size > sizeof(output) || mjb_confusable_skeleton_into(input, strlen(input),
    MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, output, &output_size) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Skeleton payload (no terminator): hello
printf("Skeleton payload (no terminator): %.*s", (int)output_size, output);

Related

• mjb_confusable_skeleton
• mjb_are_confusable
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• UTS #39: Unicode Security Mechanisms, Unicode 18.0.0

Compute the confusable skeleton of both strings and store true when the skeletons are equal, meaning the two strings are visually confusable, such as "good" and "gооd" with Cyrillic о. If MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0 the function always returns MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - confusable contains the comparison result
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - confusable is NULL, or an input buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - An input encoding is invalid or lacks byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - An input contains an ill-formed code-unit sequence
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - An intermediate size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed
• MJB_STATUS_FEATURE_NOT_ENABLED - The library was compiled with MJB_FEATURE_SECURITY=0

Example

const char *latin = "hello";
const char *mixed = "h\xD0\xB5llo"; // Cyrillic е
bool confusable;

if(mjb_are_confusable(latin, strlen(latin), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    mixed, strlen(mixed), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &confusable) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Visually confusable: yes
printf("Visually confusable: %s", confusable ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_confusable_skeleton
• mjb_confusable_skeleton_into
• mjb_is_identifier

Specifications

• UTS #39: Unicode Security Mechanisms, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_next_line_state state;
state.index = 0;
mjb_break_type type = mjb_next_line_break("Hello world", 11, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &state);

// First line-break result is set: yes
printf("First line-break result is set: %s", type != MJB_BT_NOT_SET ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_next_grapheme_break
• mjb_next_word_break
• mjb_next_sentence_break

Specifications

• UAX #14: Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_next_word_state state;
state.index = 0;
size_t boundaries = 0;

while(mjb_next_word_break("Hello world", 11, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &state) != MJB_BT_NOT_SET) {
    ++boundaries;
}

// Word-break positions: 11
printf("Word-break positions: %zu", boundaries);

Related

• mjb_next_grapheme_break
• mjb_next_sentence_break
• mjb_truncate_word

Specifications

• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_next_sentence_state state;
state.index = 0;
size_t boundaries = 0;
const char *input = "Hello. Goodbye.";

while(mjb_next_sentence_break(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &state) != MJB_BT_NOT_SET) {
    ++boundaries;
}

// Sentence-break positions: 15
printf("Sentence-break positions: %zu", boundaries);

Related

• mjb_next_grapheme_break
• mjb_next_word_break

Specifications

• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0

Iterate the grapheme cluster (user-perceived character) boundaries of a string. Call repeatedly with the same state until it reports the end of the string. Stateful break functions require an explicit length and do not accept MJB_NUL_TERMINATED; determine the length once before iteration.

Example

const char *input = "e\xCC\x81"; // e + combining acute accent
mjb_next_state state;
state.index = 0;
size_t codepoints = 0;

while(mjb_next_grapheme_break(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &state) != MJB_BT_NOT_SET) {
    ++codepoints;
}

// Codepoints examined: 2
printf("Codepoints examined: %zu", codepoints);

Related

• mjb_next_word_break
• mjb_next_sentence_break
• mjb_next_line_break
• mjb_truncate_grapheme

Specifications

• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

const char *input = "A\xF0\x9F\x87\xAE\xF0\x9F\x87\xB9Z"; // A🇮🇹Z
size_t bytes = mjb_truncate_grapheme(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, 2);

// First two graphemes use 9 bytes
printf("First two graphemes use %zu bytes", bytes);

Example

const char *input = "Hello world";
size_t bytes = mjb_truncate_word(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, 1);

// First word segment uses 5 bytes
printf("First word segment uses %zu bytes", bytes);

Resolve the embedding levels of a paragraph following the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The resolved paragraph can then be split into lines and reordered visually with mjb_bidi_reorder_line and mjb_bidi_line_runs.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The paragraph was resolved
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The paragraph size would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

const char *input = "abc \xD7\x90\xD7\x91\xD7\x92"; // abc אבג
mjb_bidi_paragraph paragraph;

if(mjb_bidi_resolve(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_DIRECTION_AUTO,
    &paragraph) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Paragraph codepoints: 7
printf("Paragraph codepoints: %zu", paragraph.count);
mjb_bidi_paragraph_free(&paragraph);

Related

• mjb_bidi_paragraph_free
• mjb_bidi_reorder_line
• mjb_bidi_line_runs

Specifications

• UAX #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

const char *input = "\xD7\x90\xD7\x91\xD7\x92"; // אבג
mjb_bidi_paragraph paragraph;
size_t visual_order[3];

if(mjb_bidi_resolve(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_DIRECTION_AUTO,
    &paragraph) != MJB_STATUS_OK ||
    mjb_bidi_reorder_line(&paragraph, 0, paragraph.count,
        visual_order) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// First visual index: 2
printf("First visual index: %zu", visual_order[0]);
mjb_bidi_paragraph_free(&paragraph);

Related

• mjb_bidi_resolve
• mjb_bidi_line_runs

Specifications

• UAX #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_bidi_paragraph paragraph;
size_t visual_order[3];
size_t run_count = 0;

if(mjb_bidi_resolve("abc", 3, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_DIRECTION_LTR,
    &paragraph) != MJB_STATUS_OK ||
    mjb_bidi_reorder_line(&paragraph, 0, 3, visual_order) != MJB_STATUS_OK ||
    mjb_bidi_line_runs(&paragraph, visual_order, 3, NULL,
        &run_count) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Visual runs: 1
printf("Visual runs: %zu", run_count);
mjb_bidi_paragraph_free(&paragraph);

Related

• mjb_bidi_resolve
• mjb_bidi_reorder_line

Specifications

• UAX #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

mjb_bidi_paragraph paragraph;

if(mjb_bidi_resolve("abc", 3, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_DIRECTION_LTR,
    &paragraph) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

mjb_bidi_paragraph_free(&paragraph);

// Paragraph released: yes
printf("Paragraph released: %s", paragraph.chars == NULL ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_bidi_resolve

Example

mjb_emoji_properties emoji;

if(mjb_codepoint_emoji_properties(0x1F600, &emoji) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// U+1F600 has Emoji_Presentation: yes
printf("U+1F600 has Emoji_Presentation: %s", emoji.presentation ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_classify_emoji_sequence
• mjb_codepoint_is_emoji

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Number sign has the Emoji property: yes
bool emoji = mjb_codepoint_is_emoji('#');

// Number sign has the Emoji property: yes
printf("Number sign has the Emoji property: %s", emoji ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Grinning face defaults to emoji presentation: yes
bool presentation = mjb_codepoint_is_emoji_presentation(0x1F600);

// Grinning face defaults to emoji presentation: yes
printf("Grinning face defaults to emoji presentation: %s", presentation ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Medium skin tone is an emoji modifier: yes
bool modifier = mjb_codepoint_is_emoji_modifier(0x1F3FD);

// Medium skin tone is an emoji modifier: yes
printf("Medium skin tone is an emoji modifier: %s", modifier ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Waving hand accepts an emoji modifier: yes
bool modifier_base = mjb_codepoint_is_emoji_modifier_base(0x1F44B);

// Waving hand accepts an emoji modifier: yes
printf("Waving hand accepts an emoji modifier: %s", modifier_base ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// Zero-width joiner is an emoji component: yes
bool component = mjb_codepoint_is_emoji_component(0x200D);

// Zero-width joiner is an emoji component: yes
printf("Zero-width joiner is an emoji component: %s", component ? "yes" : "no");

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

const char *flag = "\xF0\x9F\x87\xAE\xF0\x9F\x87\xB9"; // 🇮🇹
mjb_emoji_sequence emoji;

if(mjb_classify_emoji_sequence(flag, strlen(flag), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    &emoji) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Sequence codepoints: 2
printf("Sequence codepoints: %zu", emoji.codepoint_count);

Related

• mjb_is_emoji_sequence
• mjb_is_rgi_emoji

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

const char *keycap = "1\xEF\xB8\x8F\xE2\x83\xA3"; // 1️⃣

bool listed = mjb_is_emoji_sequence(keycap, strlen(keycap), MJB_ENC_UTF_8);

// Listed emoji sequence: yes
printf("Listed emoji sequence: %s", listed ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_is_rgi_emoji
• mjb_classify_emoji_sequence

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

const char *flag = "\xF0\x9F\x87\xAE\xF0\x9F\x87\xB9"; // 🇮🇹

bool rgi = mjb_is_rgi_emoji(flag, strlen(flag), MJB_ENC_UTF_8);

// RGI emoji: yes
printf("RGI emoji: %s", rgi ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_is_emoji_sequence
• mjb_classify_emoji_sequence

Specifications

• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Truncate only at extended grapheme-cluster boundaries, using the same terminal-cell policy as mjb_terminal_width. The returned prefix stops before a cluster that would exceed the budget or cannot be measured as printable, single-line terminal text.

Example

const char *input = "A\xE7\x95\x8C"; // A界
size_t bytes = mjb_truncate_grapheme_width(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_TERMINAL_WIDTH_NARROW, 2);

// Two columns include 1 byte
printf("Two columns include %zu byte", bytes);

Truncate only at word-break boundaries, using the same terminal-cell policy as mjb_terminal_width. The returned prefix stops before a segment that would exceed the budget or cannot be measured as printable, single-line terminal text.

Example

const char *input = "Hello world";
size_t bytes = mjb_truncate_word_width(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_TERMINAL_WIDTH_NARROW, 6);

// Six columns include 6 bytes
printf("Six columns include %zu bytes", bytes);

Example

mjb_east_asian_width width;

if(mjb_codepoint_east_asian_width(0x754C, &width) != MJB_STATUS_OK) { // 界
    return 1;
}

// U+754C is wide: yes
printf("U+754C is wide: %s", width == MJB_EAW_WIDE ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_terminal_width

Specifications

• UAX #11: East Asian Width, Unicode 18.0.0

Estimate the number of fixed terminal cells occupied by printable, single-line text. The input is normalized to NFC so canonically equivalent text has the same width. Combining and format characters occupy no additional cells, listed emoji-presentation sequences occupy two cells, and text-presentation sequences retain their East Asian Width. This is a deterministic terminal policy, not a measurement of proportional glyph advances. Use grapheme boundaries for cursor movement, selection, deletion, and user-perceived character counts. Controls, line separators, and paragraph separators are rejected because their effect depends on terminal state. On failure, width is set to zero.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The width was computed
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - width is NULL, the profile is invalid, or buffer is NULL with a non-zero size
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ENCODING - The encoding is invalid or lacks required byte-order information
• MJB_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED - The input contains a control, line separator, or paragraph separator
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - NFC normalization could not allocate memory
• MJB_STATUS_OVERFLOW - The width would overflow
• MJB_STATUS_MALFORMED_INPUT - The input contains a malformed code-unit sequence

Example

const char *input = "A\xE7\x95\x8C"; // A界
size_t width;

if(mjb_terminal_width(input, strlen(input), MJB_ENC_UTF_8,
    MJB_TERMINAL_WIDTH_NARROW, &width) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Terminal cells: 3
printf("Terminal cells: %zu", width);

Related

• mjb_codepoint_east_asian_width
• mjb_truncate_grapheme_width
• mjb_next_grapheme_break
• mjb_is_rgi_emoji

Specifications

• UAX #11: East Asian Width, Unicode 18.0.0
• UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, Unicode 18.0.0
• UTS #51: Unicode Emoji, Unicode 18.0.0

Example

// U+1100 is a leading Jamo: yes
printf("U+1100 is a leading Jamo: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_hangul_leading_jamo(0x1100) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+1161 is a vowel Jamo: yes
printf("U+1161 is a vowel Jamo: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_hangul_vowel_jamo(0x1161) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+11A8 is a trailing Jamo: yes
printf("U+11A8 is a trailing Jamo: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_hangul_trailing_jamo(0x11A8) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+1100 is Hangul Jamo: yes
printf("U+1100 is Hangul Jamo: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_hangul_jamo(0x1100) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

// U+AC00 is a Hangul syllable: yes
printf("U+AC00 is a Hangul syllable: %s", mjb_codepoint_is_hangul_syllable(0xAC00) ? "yes" : "no");

Example

char name[32];

if(mjb_hangul_syllable_name(0xAC01, name, sizeof(name)) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Name: HANGUL SYLLABLE GAG
printf("Name: %s", name);

Example

mjb_codepoint decomposition[3];

if(mjb_hangul_syllable_decomposition(0xAC01,
    decomposition) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Decomposition starts with: U+1100
printf("Decomposition starts with: U+%04X", decomposition[0]);

Example

mjb_buffer_character characters[] = {
    { 0x1100, 0 }, // choseong kiyeok
    { 0x1161, 0 }, // jungseong a
    { 0x11A8, 0 }  // jongseong kiyeok
};
size_t length = mjb_hangul_syllable_composition(characters, 3);

// Composition: U+AC01
printf("Composition: U+%04X", length == 1 ? characters[0].codepoint : 0);

Example

const char *name = mjb_property_name(MJB_PR_ALPHABETIC);

// Property: Alphabetic
printf("Property: %s", name);

Specifications

• UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, Unicode 18.0.0

Parse a BCP 47 language tag, such as sr-Latn-RS, into its components: language, extended language, script, region, variant, extensions, private use, and grandfathered tags. Parsing is strict: malformed tags are rejected.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The tag was parsed and locale filled
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - An argument is NULL or the tag is not a valid BCP 47 language tag
• MJB_STATUS_NO_MEMORY - Allocation failed

Example

mjb_locale_id locale;

if(mjb_locale_parse("sr-Latn-RS", 10, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, &locale) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Locale: sr Latn RS
printf("Locale: %s %s %s", locale.language, locale.script, locale.region);

Related

• mjb_set_locale

Specifications

• BCP 47: Tags for Identifying Languages

Set the process-global locale used by mjb_map_case. The default locale is MJB_LOCALE_EN, and mjb_reset resets it to MJB_LOCALE_EN. Only MJB_LOCALE_TR, MJB_LOCALE_AZ, and MJB_LOCALE_LT currently tailor casing. Other valid locale values are accepted but do not change Unicode algorithm behavior.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The locale was set
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - locale is not a valid mjb_locale value

Example

if(mjb_set_locale(MJB_LOCALE_TR) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Turkish locale selected: yes
printf("Turkish locale selected: yes");
if(mjb_set_locale(MJB_LOCALE_EN) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

Related

• mjb_get_locale
• mjb_map_case
• mjb_map_case_into

Return the process-global locale selected with mjb_set_locale. The default is MJB_LOCALE_EN, and mjb_reset restores that default.

Returns

• mjb_locale - The currently selected locale

Example

mjb_locale locale = mjb_get_locale();

// Current locale is English: yes
printf("Current locale is English: %s", locale == MJB_LOCALE_EN ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_set_locale
• mjb_map_case
• mjb_map_case_into

Free the memory allocated for a mjb_result. The result pointer is set to NULL.

Returns

• MJB_STATUS_OK - The result was freed
• MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT - result is NULL

Example

mjb_result result;

if(mjb_convert_encoding("A", 1, MJB_ENC_UTF_8, MJB_ENC_UTF_16LE,
    &result) != MJB_STATUS_OK || mjb_result_free(&result) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Result released: yes
printf("Result released: %s", result.output == NULL ? "yes" : "no");

Return a static English-language message of at most 100 characters.

Example

const char *message = mjb_status_message(MJB_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);

// Error message: One or more arguments are invalid or inconsistent with the requested operation
printf("Error message: %s", message);

Output the current library version as a string, such as "1.0.0".

Example

const char *version = mjb_version();

// Version is available: yes
printf("Version is available: %s", version[0] != '\0' ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_version_number
• mjb_unicode_version

Output the current library version number as an unsigned integer.

Example

unsigned int version = mjb_version_number();

// Version number is positive: yes
printf("Version number is positive: %s", version > 0 ? "yes" : "no");

Related

• mjb_version
• mjb_unicode_version

Output the current supported Unicode version as a string, such as "15.0.0".

Example

const char *version = mjb_unicode_version();

// Unicode version: 18.0.0
printf("Unicode version: %s", version);

Related

• mjb_version
• mjb_version_number

Replace the allocator used by the library for all internal allocations and for the buffers returned in mjb_result. Must be called before any other library call.

Example

mjb_reset(); // Ensure no allocator is currently locked in.

if(mjb_set_memory_functions(malloc, realloc, free) != MJB_STATUS_OK) {
    return 1;
}

// Standard allocator installed: yes
printf("Standard allocator installed: yes");
mjb_reset();

Related

• mjb_alloc
• mjb_realloc
• mjb_free

Example

mjb_reset();

// Library state reset: yes
printf("Library state reset: yes");

Allocate memory using the allocator set by mjb_set_memory_functions. If no allocator is set, the default allocator is used.

Example

char *buffer = (char*)mjb_alloc(sizeof("allocated"));

if(buffer == NULL) {
    return 1;
}

memcpy(buffer, "allocated", sizeof("allocated"));

// Buffer: allocated
printf("Buffer: %s", buffer);
mjb_free(buffer);

Related

• mjb_realloc
• mjb_free

Reallocate memory using the allocator set by mjb_set_memory_functions. If no allocator is set, the default allocator is used.

Example

char *buffer = (char*)mjb_alloc(8);

if(buffer == NULL) {
    return 1;
}

char *larger = (char*)mjb_realloc(buffer, 32);

if(larger == NULL) {
    mjb_free(buffer);
    return 1;
}

// Reallocation succeeded: yes
printf("Reallocation succeeded: yes");
mjb_free(larger);

Related

• mjb_alloc
• mjb_free

Free memory using the allocator set by mjb_set_memory_functions. If no allocator is set, the default allocator is used.

Example

void *memory = mjb_alloc(16);

if(memory == NULL) {
    return 1;
}

mjb_free(memory);

// Memory freed: yes
printf("Memory freed: yes");

Related

• mjb_alloc
• mjb_realloc